{"id":10832,"date":"2026-08-05T15:50:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T15:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hela-tech.com\/?p=10832"},"modified":"2026-08-05T15:50:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T15:50:10","slug":"why-use-classes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hela-tech.com\/en\/why-use-classes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Object \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Student<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 Python \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 <\/span><b>Class<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 Attributes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 Methods:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Product:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name, price, quantity):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.price = price<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.quantity = quantity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def price_after_discount(self, discount):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self.price * (1 &#8211; discount \/ 100)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">phone = Product(&#8220;\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u064a&#8221;, 3000, 10)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">laptop = Product(&#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644&#8221;, 6500, 5)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">print(phone.price_after_discount(10))<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">print(laptop.price_after_discount(15))<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0648 <\/span><b>Object<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Car:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, brand, color):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.brand = brand<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.color = color<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def start(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return f&#8221;\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 {self.brand}&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u0625\u0646 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Car<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">car_one = Car(&#8220;Toyota&#8221;, &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">car_two = Car(&#8220;Ford&#8221;, &#8220;\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u0625\u0646 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">car_one<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0648<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">car_two<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 Java \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633. \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">customer_name = &#8220;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">customer_balance = 1000<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">def deposit(balance, amount):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return balance + amount<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">def withdraw(balance, amount):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if amount &gt; balance:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return balance<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return balance &#8211; amount<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 100 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class BankAccount:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, owner, balance=0):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.owner = owner<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.balance = balance<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def deposit(self, amount):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if amount &lt;= 0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0raise ValueError(&#8220;\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.balance += amount<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self.balance<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def withdraw(self, amount):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if amount &lt;= 0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0raise ValueError(&#8220;\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if amount &gt; self.balance:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0raise ValueError(&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.balance -= amount<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self.balance<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BankAccount<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">account_one = BankAccount(&#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221;, 1500)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">account_two = BankAccount(&#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f&#8221;, 900)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">account_three = BankAccount(&#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0649&#8221;, 2400)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">deposit<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0648<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">withdraw<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BankAccount<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c<strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">User<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Order<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Payment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notification<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 Encapsulation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Wallet:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self._balance = 0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def add_money(self, amount):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if amount &lt;= 0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0raise ValueError(&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self._balance += amount<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def get_balance(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self._balance<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c<strong> \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Customer<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ShoppingCart<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Order<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Payment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shipment<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shipment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ShoppingCart<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">def test_deposit():<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0account = BankAccount(&#8220;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;, 100)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0account.deposit(50)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0assert account.balance == 150<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">import pytest<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">def test_cannot_withdraw_more_than_balance():<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0account = BankAccount(&#8220;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;, 100)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0with pytest.raises(ValueError):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0account.withdraw(150)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0632.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Course:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, title, lessons):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.title = title<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.lessons = lessons<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def completion_percentage(self, completed_lessons):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if self.lessons == 0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return 0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return completed_lessons \/ self.lessons * 100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 <\/span><b>Inheritance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Employee:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name, salary):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.salary = salary<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def calculate_bonus(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self.salary * 0.05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Manager(Employee):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def calculate_bonus(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self.salary * 0.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062b <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manager<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u00bb. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <\/span><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 Composition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00bb \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Engine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Car<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Car<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u064a\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0646 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Engine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">def calculate_tax(price, tax_rate):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return price * tax_rate<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class ShoppingCart:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.items = []<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def add_item(self, product):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.items.append(product)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def total_items(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return len(self.items)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633: \u00ab\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0644: \u00ab\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u061f\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0635.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 TemperatureConverter \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class TemperatureConverter:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def celsius_to_fahrenheit(self, value):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return value * 9 \/ 5 + 32<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">def celsius_to_fahrenheit(value):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return value * 9 \/ 5 + 32<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u00bb \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manager<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0623\u0648 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helper<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 Object. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 Java \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">User<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">User<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AuthenticationService<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EmailService<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">InvoiceService<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UserRepository<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>class Student:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.enrolled_courses = []<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def enroll(self, course):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if course not in self.enrolled_courses:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.enrolled_courses.append(course)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>class Course:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, title, capacity):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.title = title<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.capacity = capacity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.students = []<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def add_student(self, student):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if len(self.students) &gt;= self.capacity:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0raise ValueError(&#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if student not in self.students:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.students.append(student)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0student.enroll(self)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def available_seats(self):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return self.capacity &#8211; len(self.students)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">python_course = Course(&#8220;\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a Python&#8221;, 2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sara = Student(&#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">khaled = Student(&#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f&#8221;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">python_course.add_student(sara)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">python_course.add_student(khaled)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">print(python_course.available_seats())<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">print(sara.enrolled_courses[0].title)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0643\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Python \u0648Java \u0648C++ \u0648C# \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 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\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Object. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a <\/span><a 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